not really.
Marvel Comics number 1 1939. Marvel did create a character called Captain Marvel to prevent the use of the name by any other publisher, at the time Billy Batson was still in limbo and not being used by DC. There was a rather crappy other Captain Marvel from MF Publishing http://internationalhero.co.uk/c/capmarv1.htm I'm guessing DC and Marvel had to reach an agreement before the first issue of Shazam! could be published by DC.

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